RESEARCH PROJECT – CITATIONS
As you prepare to start your first drafts, we need to clarify the need for and use of citations. Citations are the way that you track the source of each piece of information you use, which allows others to recreate your research. This is important for researchers, but also for the people who use research, allowing them to determine the validity and competence of the ideas and information.
There are three citation vehicles that you need to understand, the text citation, the parenthetical citation, and the works cited list.
The text citation is used to identify the source of information as part of the text itself. It will often use quotation marks and contain phrases like “According to …”
Here are some examples:
“According to Hitler’s maid, he spent fifteen minutes every morning quacking like a duck to stretch his vocal cords.” (1, pg 78)
In a 1934 speech to the Ladies of Bavaria Quack Aficionados, Hitler promoted the benefits of regular quacking in saying, “A quacking a day keeps the doctor away.” (2)
The parenthetical citation is the vehicle used to link a piece of information or an idea to the document source from which it came. Whenever you use a piece of information or idea you must cite it with a parenthetical citation. For our purposes, this simply means you need to include the source number in parentheses at the end of the sentence in which you used the information. If you use several pieces of information from one source together, you do not need parenthetical citations at the end of each sentence. Rather, a single parenthetical citation at the end of a paragraph or section will do, but be sure to use text citations in the paragraph or section for clarity.
Tomorrow we will go over the Works Cited list.
